BOP/BOP Stack

Blowout preventers-blowout preventer stacks - are assemblies of heavy duty valves attached to  wellheads to control well pressure and prevent a blowouts. 

Casing

Steel pipes set in wells to prevent the hole from sloughing / caving and to enable formations to be isolated (there could be several strings of casing in the well, one inside the other)

Cementing

Pumping a liquid slurry of cement, water and other additives behind a string of casing to isolate formations

Completion/Completed

The activities needed to prepare wells for the production of oil or gas or the injection of water or gas into the reservoir.

D Seismic

Technology that  bounces sound waves off underground  rock formations and processed to create a three-dimensional picture of the subsurface.  Identifies rock formations most likely to contain  accumulations of oil and gas

BCF

Billion cubic feet BCFE Billion cubic feet (of gas) equivalent Bbl Barrel of oil BOE Barrel of oil equivalent..

Exploratory Well

A well drilled to find and produce oil or gas in an unproven area  to find a new reservoir  in fields previously found to be productive of oil and gas in another reservoir  or to extend a known reservoir.

Fish

An object lost (or stuck) in the wellbore obstructing operations.

Fishing

Operations to recover a  fish

Fee Land

The most extensive interest that can be owned in land, including surface and mineral (including oil and gas) rights

Field Formation

A geographical area with one or more oil and gas reservoirs. An identifiable layer of rocks named after its geographical location and dominant rock type.

"Frac", or fracturing

A well is "fraced" to stimulate or prolong oil & gas production. Special fluids are pumped into a wellbore with powerful hydraulic pumps to cause enough pressure to crack or fracture the formation. This process creates a plane of high-permeability sand, which usually allows the hydrocarbons to flow more freely into the wellbore.

Full Cycle Economics

Current year cash margin (reserves less current year operating and administrative costs) minus 5-year finding cost.

Gross Acres

The total number of acres in which the company owns a working interest.

Gross Well

A well in which a working interest is owned.

Injecting
Injecting water  or gas into the reservoir for the purpose  of maintaining reservoir pressure, maximizing oil  recovery and conserving resources

Injection Well

A well where gas or water is injected back into the reservoir  usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production. In a gas injection well- gas is reinjected into the upper gas portion of the reservoir.. Water injection wells are typically found offshore.

Intangible Drilling Costs

Those items of costs relating to drilling, testing and completion operations on the Well which are not Tangible Costs thereof

Landowner's Royalty

The interest retained under an oil and gas lease by the person who has  the authority to grant an oil and gas lease and which bears no part of the cost of drilling or producing the oil and natural gas.

Lease

A legal contract that specifies the terms  of the business relationship between an energy company and a landowner or mineral rights holder on a specific tract

Liner

A length of casing suspended from the base of a previously installed casing string

Logging

Acquisition of downhole data using tools run in the well, usually on wireline

MCFE

Thousand cubic feet (of gas) equivalent

MMBOE

Million barrels of oil equivalent

Mcf

A standard measurement unit for volumes of natural gas that equals one thousand cubic feet. Six Mcf of natural gas is approximately the energy equivalent of one barrel of oil

MMcf

Million cubic feet

Mud, or drilling mud

A specialized mixture of fluids and solids, or liquid and gaseous fluids, used in drilling wellbores. There are many types of these drilling fluids, usually categorized by the major component such as water-base drilling fluid, gyp mud, emulsion mud,the list goes on

Net Acre

Gross acres multiplied by the fractional working interest in the property.

Net Revenue Interest

The amount of the interest  owned in the proceeds  derived from a producing well less all royalty interests

Offering

The offering of Working Interest Participation for the purpose of drilling and potentially completing the Wells.

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Overriding Royalty Interest

A royalty interest which is typically retained by geologists or third parties which interest bears no part of the cost of drilling- completing or operating the well.

Pay Zone

The target of any drilling operation--a reservoir  containing  hydrocarbons that can be recovered in enough quantity to pay an income.

Perforate- or "perf"

"Perfing"  a well means to create holes in the casing or liner of wellbores through which oil and gas flows from the reservoir up to the surface. Perforation is accomplished with perforating guns containing strategically placed explosive charges that is lowered into the wellbore

Production

Total production refers to all the oil and gas produced from a property. Gross Production- Total production before deducting royalties. Net Production: Gross production, minus royalties, multiplied by the company's fractional working interest.

Production Tree:

An arrangement of heavy duty valves and fittings installed on the wellhead to control flow from the well and-or to facilitate injection operations

Recompletion

The modification of an existing well for the purpose of producing oil or gas from a different producing formation.

Reaming

An operation to restore a well bore to its original diameter (occasionally, a  wellbore will cave  in).

Reserves

Oil or gas contained in underground rock formations called reservoirs. Proved reserves  are the estimated quantities that geologic and engineering data demonstrate can be produced with reasonable  certainty from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Recoverable  reserves are those that can be produced using all known primary and enhanced recovery methods

Royalty Interest

An interest in an oil and gas property entitling  the true owner to a share of oil and gas production free of costs of exploration,-development and production.

Seismic kilometres completed

The total number of kilometres of data recorded in a geophysical program

Shut-in

A well in which the valves in the production tree have been closed to cease production or injection operations on a well

Sidetracking

The operation of deviating a well around a fish.

Spud

The initial penetration of the ground or seafloor / the start of the drilling operation.

Suspension-Suspend

The temporary cessation of drilling or production operations  in a well

Squeeze

Forcing cement into a wellbore to isolate perforations or repair damage

Tangible Costs

Those items of costs which in themselves have a salvage value and are ordinarily required to be capitalized for federal income tax purposes and which relate to the equipment placed on the Well.

TCF

Trillion cubic feet

Turnkey

A drilling contract that calls for a drilling contractor to drill a well for a fixed price to a specified depth and to adequately equip it so that the well is able to produce oil or gas.

Updip

A term used in a hydrocarbon reservoir that is not flat, i.e a dipping formation. In such a formation, gas is found updip from the oil.

Waterflood

A method of increasing oil recovery from an existing reservoir- Water is injected to force unrecovered oil out of reservoir rock and into nearby oil wells

Working Interest

The interest in an oil and gas leasehold which is subject to the payment of the expenses of development, operation and maintenance of a well and is subject to the payment of Landowner's Royalty and Overriding Royalty Interests.

Workover

to repair or stimulate an existing production well to restore or increase production.

Wellbore

The hole drilled by the drill bit

Wellhead

Steel equipment installed at the surface of the well containing an assembly of heavy duty hangars and seals -the wellhead is used to support the weight of casing strings hung from it and to contain well pressure